Class 12 History Theme 1 notes

 

 

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 Theme:- 1 BRICKS,  BEADS AND BONES 

       THE HARAPPAN CIVILATION         

NOTES BY :- TECH EDUCATION class12

 •Daya ram sahni :- discovered harappa

 The indus valley civilation is also called the harappan culture 

 •Culture mean :- group of object,  distinct style found togather in a geogragical area and period of time. 

 ¤Harappan seal 

¤The harappan. Seal is possibly the most distinctive artfect of the harappan or indus velly civilisation

 Harappa seal in give 

Fig.  1.1

.Seal, blade, bricks, weight

Fig. 1.2

#Weights 

•Lower donomantion of weight 1,2,4,8,16,32upto 12800

#Work in early harappan site:-

  Agriculture,  pastoralism,  and craft production

Subsistence strateges 

:- eat plant and animal product 

:- chared grain seed like weat 

:- crop grow :-  barley,  chick pea,  seasem,  millet,  in gujrat rice 

:- sheep, goat,  buffalo and pig are domesricated animal

 •Hunt :- boar,  dear, fish and gharial 

•Seal and terracota sculpure bull 

•Fig 1.3 terracota bull 

. #Ploughed field :- kalibagan 

.terracota Modle :- #cholistan #banawali (haryana) 

#.thay find people grow two same crop at same time 

#. Sohtoghai :-cannal from indus river 

#

.•Water resouses found in dolavira may have to used to store water for agriculture.

•Spread of harappan culture :- 12,99,600

Sq km punjab,  sind,  rajastan and boundy of up include in it

.• Great bath :-11.88 m lenght 

Width :-7.01 m 

Depth :- 2.43 m

. • Largest bulding citadal (six bulding like citadal )

45.71 m long

15.23 m width

•Mohanjadoro :-mount of dead 

16 skulsfound

 •Diffrencebetweencitadel and lowertown

Citadel

 •Smallerbuthigher

•Bulding made on Mud brick platfarm

 . Walled sapeted from settlement 

Lower town 

 • larger but lower 

• small bulding plareform 

Walled

 Four million person per day foundation of set moblisetion of labour 

:- settlement were limt planed and then implement 

:- platform fixed bulding 

:- bricks sundried  ratio lenght and breadth were four time and twice the hight 

# laying out drains 

:- care fully  planed drainage system 

:- lower town road and streetgtid pattern base interscting at 90degree 

:- street  With drain made first Then house was build 

:- domastic waste water Flow Into that street 

:- every house had one wall along street 

  Domastic archetwcture 

 •Lower town mohanjadoro restdentail bulding 

 Courtyard center cooking weaking 

 :- privecy no widow on ground flour 

 •Main enternace gate does not give Direct View of courtyad 

 •Some house had 2 floor 

 •Every house had own bathroom directly coNect With street drain  

• Well out side the bathroom which can used by passer by

•Estimate 700 wells find in mohanjodaro

 the citadal 

 #Great bath 

 •Rectangular tank courtyard surronded by coridoor  on all 4 side 

•Two pliot step north and south 

 •water from the tank fowled into a huge drain 

 .•There were no.  Of bathroom  on four side tank and three were drain and at end connect wit big drain .

*Socio - evonomic life of harappan people 

1980s they find an ornament with three sheel ring 

*Daily item :- needle,  pottery,  pot,  and slashrubber 

*Gold,  silver, coper mirror etc luxery 

 *Enigmatic script :- right to left and  total no of *sign :- 375 to 400bbut no alphabet  

 * Largest script :- 26sign

•there is no luxery thing that is very costly 

 Prest king statue but on clear his post 

 •*The end of civilisation 

Reason 

 •Climate change 

 •Deforetation 

 •Flood 

 C•ivilitation collabe 

 •But not clear real reason it is only estimate

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